A team of researchers at MIT and the US Department of Agriculture has designed a new vaccination system for farmed fish. The system uses water-resistant, food-grade microneedles that can lightly penetrate and remain attached to fish skin before decomposing. This approach could provide a more precise tool for maintaining fish health in aquaculture. The researchers demonstrated the effectiveness of their system in delivering a range of cargos, including bacterial vaccines. The new system has the potential to improve the health and well-being of farmed fish, which are a major source of protein and nutrition. Aquaculture is a significant contributor to global food production, and the new vaccination system could help to address food insecurity and reduce energy consumption. The researchers' work could also contribute to the decarbonization of global food systems. The team's findings were published in ACS Nano. The development of this new vaccination system is a significant step forward in the field of aquaculture and could have a positive impact on the health and sustainability of fish farming.